D e B T i s S l a V 3 r Y S T u P i D
DuBi0uSlY EnDoWs YoU WiTh
Cosmos.A.Spacetime.Odyssey.S01E07.1080p.BluRay.x264-DeBTViD
DVD.DATE.. 10 June 2014
RLS.DATE.. today
GENRE..... Documentary
LANG...... English
ViDEO..... 1920x1080
BiTRATE... 9124kb/s
FPS....... 23.976fps
ASPECT.... 16:9
AUDiO..... 1509kb/s 5.1 DTS
DURATiON.. 44m5s
SOURCE.... R1 BD
SIZE...... 71x50mb
SUBS...... English
IMDB: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2395695/
RELEASE NOTES
This episode is centered around how science, in
particular the work of Clair Patterson (voiced in
animated sequences by Richard Gere[33]) in the
middle of the 20th century, has been able to
determine the age of the Earth. Tyson first
describes how the Earth was formed from the
coalescence of matter some millions of years after
the formation of the Sun, and while scientists can
examine the formations in rock stratum to date
some geological events, these can only trace back
millions of years. Instead, scientists have used
the debris from meteor impacts, such as the Meteor
Crater in Arizona, knowing that the material from
such meteors coming from the asteroid belt would
have been made at the same time as the Earth.
Tyson then outlines the work Patterson did as a
graduate under his adviser Harrison Brown to
provide an accurate count of lead in zircon
particles from Meteor Crater, and to work with
similar results being collected by George Tilton
on uranium counts; with the established half-life
of uranium's radioactive decay to lead, this would
be used to estimate the age of the Earth.
Patterson found that his results were contaminated
by lead from the ambient environment, compared to
Tilton's results, and required the construction of
the first ultra-high cleanroom to remove all
traces of environmental lead. With these clean
results, Patterson was able to estimate the age of
the Earth to 4.5 billion years.
Tyson goes on to explain that Patterson's work in
performing lead-free experiments directed him to
investigate the sources for lead. Tyson notes how
lead does not naturally occur at Earth's surface
but has been readily mined by humans (including
the Roman Empire), and that lead is poisonous to
humans. Patterson examined the levels of lead in
the common environment and in deeper parts of the
oceans and Antarctic ice, showing that lead had
only been brought to the surface in recent times.
He would discover that the higher levels of lead
were from the use of tetraethyllead in leaded
gasoline, despite long-established claims by
Robert A. Kehoe and others that this chemical was
safe. Patterson would continue to campaign against
the use of lead, ultimately resulting in
government-mandated restrictions on the use of
lead. Tyson ends by noting that similar work by
scientists continues to be used to help alert
mankind to other fateful issues that can be
identified by the study of nature.
QUOTES
"The victory of success is half won when one gains
the habit of setting goals and achieving them.
Even the most tedious chore will become endurable
as you parade through each day convinced that
every task, no matter how menial or boring, brings
you closer to fulfilling your dreams."
-Og Mandino
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